XSD Data File Information ------------------------- Author: Colin Smythe Date: 31st October, 2010 Version: 1.1 Status: Final Release Description: This model forms part of the IMS Common Cartridge v1.1 specification. This model is the profile of the IMS QTI v1.2.1 specification. The changes made to the original specification to create this profile are: Root (a) Only one Assessment or one ObjectBank can be exchanged i.e. not Sections or Items; (b) The qticomment attribute has been removed. Assessment (a) Only a single Section must be contained in the Assessment; (b) The metadata is mandatory (see the specification for the fields that must be defined) with a multiplicity of 1; (c) All of the other Assessment fields have been removed apart from the optional PresentationMaterial; (d) The title attribute has been made mandatory. Object Bank (a) Only Items can be containd in the object bank; (b) The Qticomment structure has been removed. Section (a) All of the internal structure has been removed except the containment of Items (at least one is required); (b) The language attribute has been removed. Item (a) The deprecated attributes have been removed from the ItemMetadata class; (b) All qticomment attributes have been removed from various classes; (c) The Item pre and post condition attributes have been removed from the Item class; (d) The itemproc_extension structure has been removed from the Item class; (e) The reference structure has been removed from the Item class; (f) The objectives attribute has been removed from the Item class; (g) The itemcontrol attribute has been removed from the Item class; (h) The item rubric attribute and its associated classes have been removed from the Item class; (i) The duration attribute has been removed from the Item class; (j) The itemmetadata attribute has been made mandatory in the Item class; (k) The label, language and maxattempts attributes have been removed from the Item class; (l) The interpretvar attribute has been removed frm the Outcomes class; (m) The response_xy, response_num, response_grp and response_extension attributes have been removed from the Presentation class; (n) All extension attributes have been removed from various classes; (o) The ItemType, LevelofDifficulty, RenderingType, ResponseMultiplicity, Status and TypeofSolution have been deleted; (p) The ItemFeedback Class has been restructured as only flow_mat is used; (q) A single decvar is required i.e. for the default variable SCORE. Item-Response (a) The Rrange and Rarea attributes have been removed from the ResponseLabel Class. Item-Render (a) The render_hotspot attributes and the RenderHotspot class have been removed; (b) The render_slider attributes and the RenderSlider class have been removed; (c) The render_extension attribute has been removed from the ResponseType class; (d) The response_na attribute has been removed; (e) The qticomment attribute has been removed from the ResponseLabel class; Item-General (a) The Interpretvar class has been removed; (b) The DurationBase class has been removed and all derived attributes from the Conditionvar and CompositionLogic classes; (c) The var_extension attribute has been removed from the Conditionvar class; (d) The qticomment attributes have been removed from the Hint and Solution classes; (e) Setvar is restricted to the Set action; (f) Variable types are restricted to 'Integer' and 'Decimal'; (g) The defaultval and cutvalue, attributes for decvar have been removed; (h) Outcomes is limtied to a single decvar which must have only the variable "SCORE" declared; (i) The classes or, varlt, varlte, vargt, vargte, varinside, varsubset and unanswered have been removed; (j) The classes 'and', 'not' and 'conditionvar' have been significantly simplied i.e. see clause above for detail; (k) The feedbacktype attribute for the displayfeedback element is now mandatory with no default value. Selection and Ordering (a) The entire Selection and Ordering (Package) has been removed. Outcomes (a) The entire Outcomes Processing (Package) has been removed. Material (a) The Reference Class has been removed as this is not required; (b) All entityref attributes have been removed; (c) Extensions have been removed; (d) Only 'mattext', 'matref' and 'matbreak' are permitted as types of material. Common (a) The Rubric class has been removed Items and Sections and it is only permitted to contain a single instance of material; (b) The ContextControl class has been removed i.e. no Control switches required; (c) The QtiComment Class has been removed; (d) The MetadataRule Class has been removed; (e) the Parameterization Class has been removed; (f) The 'view' attribute has been removed; (g) The Vocabulary Class has been removed and its attribute in the QtiMetadata Class also removed. History: Version 1.0: This profile is taken from the UML description of the QTIv1.2.1 specification. 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Tool Copyright: 2005-2010 (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc. All Rights Reserved. Schematron Validation Rules Information --------------------------------------- Author: Colin Smythe Date: 5th January, 2011 Version: 1.1 Status: Final Release Description: This set of schematron rules have been created to increase the validation capability of the QTIv1.2.1 XSD. A total of 12 rule sets have been created to ensure that: [1] Only valid Assessment metadata is defined; [2] Only valid Question types are defined in the Itemmetatadata fields; [3] The structure of a True/False question is correct; [4] The structure of a Multiple-Choice (Single Response) question is correct; [5] The structure of a Multiple-Choice (Multiple Response) question is correct; [6] The structure of a Fill In Blank question is correct; [7] The structure of a Pattern Match question is correct; [8] The structure of an Essay question is correct; [9] The structures of the response processing/response-label are correct; [10] The structure of a Hint in an Item is correct; [11] The structure of a Solution in an Item is correct; [12] The structure of the response processing feedback structure in an Item is correct; [13] Generic features of an Item are correctly implemented. Rule Set: [1] The set of rules to ensure that only valid Assessment metadata is defined. The rules are: (a) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldlabel values; (b) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_assessmenttype'; (c) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_scoretype'; (d) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_feedbackpermitted'; (e) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_hintspermitted'; (f) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_solutionspermitted'; (g) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_timelimit'; (h) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'cc_allow_late_submission'; (i) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'cc_maxattempts'; (j) Only valid entries are defined for the Assessment metadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'cc_profile'; (k) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_profile'; (l) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_assessmenttype'; (m) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_scoretype'; (n) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_feedbackpermitted'; (o) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_hintspermitted'; (p) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_solutionspermitted'; (q) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_timelimit'; (r) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_allow_late_submission'; (s) There must be no more than one Assessment metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_maxattempts'. [2] The set of rules to ensure that only valid Question types are defined in the Itemmetatadata fields. The rules are: (a) Only valid entries are defined for the Itemmetadata fieldlabel values; (b) Only valid entries are defined for the Itemmetadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'cc_profile'; (c) Only valid entries are defined for the Itemmetadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'cc_weighting'; (d) Only valid entries are defined for the Itemmetadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_scoringpermitted'; (e) Only valid entries are defined for the Itemmetadata fieldentry values for fieldlabel = 'qmd_computerscored'; (f) The Item metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_profile' must be present; (g) There must only be one Item metadata fields with fieldlabel='cc_profile'for each Item; (h) There must be no more than one Item metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_weighting'for each Item; (i) There must be no more than one Item metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_scoringpermitted' for each Item; (j) There must be no more than one Item metadata field with fieldlabel='qmd_computerscored'for each Item. [3] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a True/False question is correct. The rules are: (a) That @rcardinality='Single'; (b) The element 'response_str' is not used; (c) The element 'render_fib' is not used; (d) That there are zero or two response labels; (e) That the response processing uses the correct identifiers i.e. varequal/@respident value is equal to the response_lid/@ident; (f) The varsubstring element must not be used. [4] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Multiple-Choice (Single Response) question is correct. The rules are: (a) That @rcardinality='Single'; (b) The element 'response_str' is not used; (c) The element 'render_fib' is not used; (d) That there are at least three response labels; (e) That the response processing uses the correct identifiers i.e. varequal/@respident value is equal to the response_lid/@ident; (f) The varsubstring element must not be used. [5] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Multiple-Choice (Multiple Response) question is correct. The rules are: (a) That @rcardinality='Multiple'; (b) The element 'response_str' is not used; (c) The element 'render_fib' is not used; (d) That there are at least two response labels; (e) That the response processing uses the correct identifiers i.e. varequal/@respident value is equal to the response_lid/@ident; (f) The varsubstring element must not be used.. [6] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Fill-in-Blank question is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'response_lid' is not used; (b) The element 'render_choice' is not used; (c) That the response processing uses the correct identifiers i.e. varequal/@respident value is equal to the response_str/@ident; (d) There is no use of the 'varsubstring' element. [7] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Pattern Match question is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'response_lid' is not used; (b) The element 'render_choice' is not used; (c) That the response processing uses the correct identifiers i.e. varequal/@respident value is equal to the response_str/@ident. [8] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of an Essay question is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'response_lid' is not used; (b) The element 'render_choice' is not used; (c) There is no use of the 'varequal' element; (d) There is no use of the 'varsubstring' element; (e) No more than a single Solution feedback can be supplied; (f) The fieldentry Item metadata for an Essay question with the fieldlabel='qmd_computerscored' must be set as 'No'. [9] The set of rules to ensure that the Response Processing/Response-Label structures are valid. The rules are: (a) There are no invalid response labels used in the 'varequal' element for T/F and MC questions. [10] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Hint in an Item is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Hint' is accompanied by the @linkrefid='hint' attribute; (b) The element 'itemfeedback@ident=hint' is not followed by the 'solution' element; (c) The element 'itemfeedback@ident=hint' is not followed by the 'flow_mat' element; (d) If the element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Hint' is used it must be accompanied by hint feedback. [11] The set of rules to ensure that the structure of a Solution in an Item is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Solution' is accompanied by the @linkrefid='solution' attribute; (b) The element 'itemfeedback@ident=solution' is not followed by the 'hint' element; (c) The element 'itemfeedback@ident=solution' is not followed by the 'flow_mat' element; (d) If the element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Solution' is used it must be accompanied by solution feedback. [12] The set of rules to ensure that the general structure of the Response Processing in an Item is correct. The rules are: (a) The element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Response' is not accompanied by the @linkrefid='solution' attribute; (b) The element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Response' is not accompanied by the @linkrefid='hint' attribute; (c) To check that for each element 'displayfeedback@feedbacktype=Response' the corresponding 'itemfeedback' element exists; (d) To check that a given response processing itemfeedback identifier there is a corresponding displayfeedback trigger for that identifier. [13] The set of rules to ensure that the general features in an Item are correct. The rules are: (a) To ensure that each Item has a unique @ident attribute. Schematron validation rules for the Common Cartridge v1p1 profile of QTI v1.2.1 RULE SET 1: Ensure that only valid metadata is defined in the Assessment metadata fields [RULE 1a] Invalid Assessment metadata fieldlabel value: . [RULE 1b] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_assessmenttype' value: . [RULE 1c] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_scoretype' value: . [RULE 1d] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_feedbackpermitted' value: . [RULE 1e] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_hintspermitted' value: . [RULE 1f] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_solutionspermitted' value: . [RULE 1g] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_timelimit' i.e. not a valid integer with value: . [RULE 1h] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='cc_allow_late_submission' value: . [RULE 1i] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='cc_maxattempts' value: . [RULE 1j] Invalid fieldentry Assessment metadata for the fieldlabel='cc_profile' value: . [RULE 1k] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='cc_profile' with count=. [RULE 1l] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_assessmenttype' with count=. [RULE 1m] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_scoretype' with count=. [RULE 1n] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_feedbackpermitted' with count=. [RULE 1o] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_hintspermitted' with count=. [RULE 1p] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_solutionspermitted' with count=. [RULE 1q] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='qmd_timelimit' with count=. [RULE 1r] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='cc_allow_late_submission' with count=. [RULE 1s] There are repeated assessment metadata fields of fieldlabel='cc_maxattempts' with count=. RULE SET 2: Ensure that only valid metadata is defined in the Itemmetatadata fields [RULE 2a] Invalid Itemmetadata fieldlabel value: . [RULE 2b] Invalid fieldentry Question Type (fieldlabel='cc_profile') value: . [RULE 2c] Invalid fieldentry Item metadata weighting for the fieldlabel='cc_weighting' i.e. not an integer in the range 1..99, with value: . [RULE 2d] Invalid fieldentry Item metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_scoringpermitted' with value: . [RULE 2e] Invalid fieldentry Item metadata for the fieldlabel='qmd_computerscored' with value: . [RULE 2f] The Item metadata field with fieldlabel='cc_profile' is missing. [RULE 2g] There are too many Item metadata fields with fieldlabel='cc_profile' i.e. count=. [RULE 2h] There are too many Item metadata fields with fieldlabel='cc_weighting' i.e. count=. [RULE 2i] There are too many Item metadata fields with fieldlabel='qmd_scoringpermitted' i.e. count=. [RULE 2j] There are too many Item metadata fields with fieldlabel='qmd_computerscored' i.e. count=. RULE SET 3: Ensure that the structure of a True/False question is correct [RULE 3a] Incorrect cardinality attribute value for the T/F question: [RULE 3b] The invalid 'response_str' element has been used for a T/F question. [RULE 3c] The invalid 'render_fib' element has been used for a T/F question. [RULE 3d] There are too many or too few response labels for the T/F question. [RULE 3e] The T/F response processing Varequal respident attribute () value is not equal to the corresonding Response_lid ident () attribute for the True/False question. [RULE 3f] There is an invalid use of the varsubstring element in a T/F question. RULE SET 4: Ensure that the structure of a MC-SR question is correct [RULE 4a] Incorrect cardinality attribute value for the MC-SR question: . [RULE 4b] The invalid 'response_str' element has been used for a MC-SR question. [RULE 4c] The invalid 'render_fib' element has been used for a MC-SR question. [RULE 4d] There are too too few response labels for the MC-SR question. [RULE 4e] The MC-SR response processing Varequal respident attribute () value is not equal to the corresonding Response_lid ident () attribute for the Multiple Choice single response question. [RULE 4f] There is an invalid use of the varsubstring element in a MC-SR question. RULE SET 5: Ensure that the structure of a MC-MR question is correct [RULE 5a] Incorrect cardinality attribute value for the MC-MR question: . [RULE 5b] The invalid 'response_str' element has been used for a MC-MR question. [RULE 5c] The invalid 'render_fib' element has been used for a MC-MR question. [RULE 5d] There are too too few response labels for the MC-MR question. [RULE 5e] The MC-MR response processing Varequal respident attribute () value is not equal to the corresonding Response_lid ident () attribute for the Multiple Choice multiple response question. [RULE 5f] There is an invalid use of the varsubstring element in a MC-MR question. RULE SET 6: Ensure that the structure of a FIB question is correct [RULE 6a] The invalid 'response_lid' element has been used for a FIB question. [RULE 6b] The invalid 'render_choice' element has been used for a FIB question. [RULE 6c] The FIB response processing Varequal respident attribute () value is not equal to the corresonding Response_str ident () attribute for the FIB question. [RULE 6d] There is an invalid use of the 'varsubstring' element in the FIB question. RULE SET 7: Ensure that the structure of a Pattern Match question is correct [RULE 7a] The invalid 'response_lid' element has been used for a Pattern Match question. [RULE 7b] The invalid 'render_choice' element has been used for a Pattern Match question. [RULE 7c] The FIB response processing Varequal respident attribute () value is not equal to the corresonding Response_str ident () attribute for the Pattern Match question. RULE SET 8: Ensure that the structure of a Essay question is correct [RULE 8a] The invalid 'response_lid' element has been used for an Essay question. [RULE 8b] The invalid 'render_choice' element has been used for an Essay question. [RULE 8c] There is an invalid use of the 'varequal' element in an Essay question. [RULE 8d] There is an invalid use of the 'varsubstring' element in an Essay question. [RULE 8e] Too many Solution feedback structures are supplied. [RULE 8f] Invalid fieldentry Item metadata for an Essay question with the fieldlabel='qmd_computerscored' with value: . RULE SET 10: Ensure that the structure of a Hint in an Item is correct [RULE 10a] The displayfeedback@feedbacktype='Solution' has been used to identify a Hint. [RULE 10b] The itemfeedback@ident='hint' has been used to identify a Solution. [RULE 10c] The itemfeedback@ident='hint' has been used to identify Response feedback. [RULE 10d] A displayfeedback[@feedbacktype='Hint'] trigger has no accompanying hint feedback. RULE SET 11: Ensure that the structure of a Solution in an Item is correct [RULE 11a] The displayfeedback@feedbacktype='Hint' has been used to identify a Solution. [RULE 11b] The itemfeedback@ident='solution' has been used to identify a Hint. [RULE 11c] The itemfeedback@ident='solution' has been used to identify Response feedback. [RULE 11d] A displayfeedback[@feedbacktype='Solution'] trigger has no accompanying solution feedback. RULE SET 12: Ensure that the structure of the response processing feedback structure in an Item is correct [RULE 12a] The displayfeedback@feedbacktype='Response' has been used to identify a Solution. [RULE 12b] The displayfeedback@feedbacktype='Response' has been used to identify a Hint. [RULE 12c] For the given displayfeedback identifier () there is no itemfeedback with the correct identifier (). [RULE 12d] For the given response processing itemfeedback identifier () there is no displayfeedback trigger with the correct identifier (). RULE SET 13: Ensure that the generic features of an Item are correct [RULE 13a] There are Items that have common identifiers: . The root structure can consist of either: * A single object bank; * An assessment; * A set of item(s); * A set of section(s); * Any combination of items and sections. As the root this is mandatory and can occur once. Common Cartridge Profile A Commn Cartridge is allowed to contain only an objectbank or an assessement. QTI General An Assessment object is the logical construction of the test. An Assessment must contain at least one Section which in turn will contain Items and/or Sections. An Assessment must eventually be constructed from a set of Items i.e. questions that are to be offered in the test. An Assessment object contains all of the information to make the use of individual Items meaningful i.e. apart from the Sections the object includes the relationships between the Sections, the group evaluation processing and the corresponding feedback. Common Cartridge Profile The Assessment must consist of only one Section. The only other permitted attributes are the mandatory identifier and title. Optional language, metadata, rubric and presentation_material is also supported. QTI General An object bank is an unordered set of items and sections. It is recommended that there is a metadata description for the object bank as a whole. The object bank should have a globally unique identifier. Common Cartridge Profile In the Common Cartridge the object-bank can only contain Items. Meta-data support is available but the profile has no mandated entries. QTI General A Section is the core grouping concept within QTI. A Section consists of one or more Items or Sections (or references to Items and Sections). In general, the objects contained within a Secton will have some relationship either in terms of content or content delivery. The Section data structure is used to define arbitrarily complex hierarchical section and item data structures. It may contain meta-data, objectives, rubric control switches, assessment-level processing, feedback and selection and sequencing information for sections and items. Common Cartridge Profile In Common Cartridge the Section can only contain a list of Items. No metadata is permitted. The identifier is mandatory but the title and language are optional. An Item the smallest exchangeable object within QTI-XML. An Item is more than a ‘Question’ in that it contains the ‘Question’, the presentation/rendering instructions, the response processing to be applied to the participant’s response(s), the feedback that may be presented (including hints and solutions) and the meta-data describing the Item. Contains all of the QTI-specific metada-data to be applied to the Item. This meta-data can consist of either entries defined using an external vocabulary or the individually named entries. Usage of the contained attributes are deprecated apart from the 'qtimetadata' attribute. Contains all of the instructions for the presentation of the question during an evaluation. This information includes the actual material to be presented. The labels for the possible responses are also identified and these are used by the response processing element defined elsewhere in the Item. This contains all of the instructions for the response processing. This includes the scoring variables to contain the associated scores and the set of response condition tests that are to be applied to the received user response. Contains all of the variable declarations that are to be made available to the scoring algorithm. Each variable is declared using the 'decvar' structure apart from the default variable called ‘SCORE’ that is an integer and has a default value of zero (0). Common Cartridge Profile A single variable is permitted. This is "SCORE". The container for the feedback that is to be presented as a result of the user’s responses. The feedback can include hints and solutions and both of these can be revealed in a variety of different ways. Contains the actual test to be applied to the user responses to determine their correctness or otherwise. Each 'respcondition' contains an actual test, the assignment of a value to the associate scoring variables and the identification of the feedback to be associated with the test. This is the information that is to be presented to set the context for the contained objects. This can be used to contain question-based material that is common to all of the child objects. This is used in Assessment and Section objects. This is the information that is used to describe the solution. This allows the materials to be displayed to the users to be grouped together using flows. The manner in which these flows are handled is dependent upon the display-engine. This is the container for any content that is to be displayed by the question-engine. The supported content types are text (emphasised or not), images, audio, video, application and applet. The content can be internally referenced to avoid the need for duplicate copies. Alternative information can be defined – this is used if the primary content cannot be displayed. Common Cartridge Profile Only the 'mattext', 'matref' and 'matbreak' types are permitted. This is the container for alternative content. This content is to be displayed if, for whatever reason, the primary content cannot be rendered. Alternative language implementations of the host 'material' element are also supported using this structure. This is the container for all of the instructions for the presentation with flow blocking of the question during a test. This information includes the actual material to be presented. The labels for the possible responses are also identified and these are used by the response processing element defined elsewhere in the Item. Contains the instructions for the question-engine to render the question using a classical multiple choice format. The number of possible responses is determined by the 'response_label' structures contained. Both flowed and non-flowed formats are supported Contains the instructions for the question-engine to render the question using a classical fill-in blank format. The number of possible responses is determined by the 'response_label' structures contained. Both flowed and non-flowed formats are supported. QTI General The QTI-specific meta-data assigned to the parent object i.e. Assessment, Section, Item or Object-bank. This approach requires that the approriate external vocabulary is defined and referenced in label/field tuple. Common Cartridge Profile The Vocabulary structure has been removed. The structure responsible for containing each of the QTI-specific meta-data fields. The label should appear in the vocabulary. If no vocabulary is used then external validation cannot take place. This is used to contain contextual information i.e. rubric that is important to the object e.g. it could contain standard data values that might or might not be useful for answering the question. Common Cartridge Profile This is used in assessments to provide instructions. Only a single mattext is permitted in the material. This contains the possible response choices that are presented to the user. This information includes the material to be shown to the user and the logical label that is associated with that response. The label is used in the response processing. Flow and non-flow approaches are supported. This is the blocking/paragraph equivalent to the 'response_label' structure. This structure shold always be used to encapsulate the 'response_label construct. QTI General This contains the instructions for the presentation of questions whose response will be either a 'response_lid' (logical identifier), 'response_xy' (xy-co-ordinate), 'response_str' (a string), 'response_num' (a number) and 'response_grp' ( a group of logical identifiers). The question can be rendered in a variety of ways depending on the way in which the material is to be presented to the participant. Common Cartridge Profile Only the response_lid and response_str response types are supported with render_choice and render_fib rendering. QTI General This contains the instructions for the presentation of questions whose response will be either a 'response_lid' (logical identifier), 'response_xy' (xy-co-ordinate), 'response_str' (a string), 'response_num' (a number) and 'response_grp' ( a group of logical identifiers). The question can be rendered in a variety of ways depending on the way in which the material is to be presented to the participant. Common Cartridge Profile Only the response_lid and response_str response types are supported with render_choice and render_fib rendering. QTI General Contains the solution(s) that are to be revealed to the participant. When these solutions are revealed is outside the scope of the specification. The information can be revealed in several manners. The default mode is to show the 'Complete' solution. Common Cartridge Profile The material is presented in the form of flow_mat only. The only form of feedback is 'Complete'. QTI General Contains the hints(s) that are to be revealed to the participant. When these hints are revealed is outside the scope of the specification. The information can be revealed in several manners. The default mode is to show the 'Complete' hint. Common Cartridge Profile The material is presented in the form of flow_mat only. The only form of feedback is 'Complete'. QTI General The conditional test that is to be applied to the user’s response. A wide range of separate and combinatorial tests can be applied. Common Cartridge Profile The extension has been removed. All of the conditions operating on duration have been removed. The only permited conditions are 'varequal', 'varsubstring', 'and', 'other'. This is the information that is used to describe the solution. This is the information that is presented as a hint. QTI General This defines the set of clauses that can be used within the logic statements of 'and', 'or' and 'not'. These logic statements enable the construction of complex conditional tests. Common Cartridge Profile The extension has been removed. All of the conditions operating on duration have been removed. The 'or' conditional has been removed and 'and' and 'not' have been considerably simplified. QTI General This defines the set of clauses that can be used within the logic statements of 'and', 'or' and 'not'. These logic statements enable the construction of complex conditional tests. Common Cartridge Profile The extension has been removed. All of the conditions operating on duration have been removed. The 'or' conditional has been removed and 'and' and 'not' have been considerably simplified. This is the container of any text that is to be displayed to the users. It is the base type for normal and emphasised text. This is used to contain a reference to the required full material block. This material will have had an identifier assigned to enable such a reference to be reconciled when the instance is parsed into the system. This is used to contain a reference to the required full material block. This material will have had an identifier assigned to enable such a reference to be reconciled when the instance is parsed into the system. QTI General This is used for the declaration of the scoring variables. The name of the variable that is to be declared. The default name is ‘SCORE’. All numeric variables have the associated ‘x.min’, ‘x.max’ and ‘x.normalised’ variables declared. Several of the optional attributes depend upon the type of variable that is declared. Common Cartridge Profile Only the variable types of decimal and integer are permitted. Only a single "SCORE" variable is permitted. QTI General This is responsible for changing the value of the scoring variable as a result of the associated response processing test. The default action is to 'Set' the 'SCORE' variable to the value given in the string. Common Cartridge Profile Only the actons Set, Add and Subtract are premitted. This is the test of equivalence. The data for the test is contained as a string. The accompanying attributes are the identifier for the associated 'response_label', the ordinal 'index' of the response and whether or not the value is case-sensitive when processing strings. This is used for assigning an associated feedback to the aggregated scoring if the ‘True’ state results. Feedback for hints, solutions and response processing are supported. The feedback is identified using the pointer 'linkrefid'. This is the test for a contained substring. The data for comparison is presented as a string. The associated attributes are the response label identifier, the ordinal index of the response and whether or not the value is case-sensitive when processing the strings.